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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a well-known neurobiological disorder that affects 4.4 percent of the population. It is accompanied by high levels of co-morbidity (depression anxiety, anxiety, and addiction to drugs) and significant emotional, social and occupational impairments. Both medication and psychotherapy are effective treatments for adults with ADHD. Stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamine are among the most frequently prescribed drugs. Medicines Many adults with ADHD notice significant improvement in their symptoms and performance due to medication. It is important that people with ADHD find the combination of medications that is effective for them. Adults with ADHD are prescribed stimulants, such as amphetamines and methylphenidate. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid form, and can be taken as frequently as every three to four hours. Some adults can supplement their immediate-release dose with an extended-release or longer-acting drug that is taken daily to lessen the requirement for frequent doses throughout the day. Adults with ADHD can be treated successfully with antidepressants like desipramine. This class of drugs can be employed in conjunction with stimulants, or alone to enhance their effects. They can also increase the risk of serious adverse effects, such as rapid heartbeats, EKG changes and orthostatic hypotension. Adults suffering from ADHD can also be treated with alprazolam or clonidine. They are both Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists. These drugs, initially developed to treat high blood pressure, possess a calming effect and can enhance focus and decrease the level of hyperactivity and impulsivity among certain adults. These medications can cause very low blood pressure if they are suddenly stopped, or the dosage is decreased. Psychotherapy is also useful for adults suffering from ADHD. Individual therapy can help them overcome feelings of shame, embarrassment and resentment towards co-workers and teachers, supervisors and family members who might criticize or nag them. In addition counseling for families and marriages can help couples suffering from ADHD to understand each other's issues and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy The primary goal of psychosocial therapy for adults ADHD is to help people learn skills and strategies that improve functioning in daily life. Psychotherapy can help those with ADHD overcome their low self-esteem, and the feeling of failure they often feel. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), also known as cognitive behavior therapy, helps people change their negative thoughts and feelings that are causing difficulties in their lives. It helps them learn new ways to think, feel and behave. This short-term, goal-oriented type of psychotherapy has been found to be effective for many conditions, including depression and anxiety. It can be used in conjunction with other therapies or alone. CBT may also include group therapy. This is especially beneficial for adults with ADHD as it allows them to connect with others who are facing similar issues and learn about how they manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or over the phone. In one study, CBT was compared to standard therapy for adults who have ADHD. Both treatments helped improve self-reporting indicators like symptoms, functioning, and quality of life. CBT has been studied in comparison to other psychosocial treatments in adults suffering from ADHD. All of these studies demonstrate significant reductions in ADHD symptoms and effects, with sizes between medium and large. These improvements were associated with various modalities, including cognitive and interpersonal therapy, social skills training, problem solving training, as well as mindfulness meditation. However, caution is required in comparing the efficacy of different therapies for adult ADHD. It is likely that variations in the outcomes depend on a variety of factors such as the characteristics of the treatment, the measures used and the background of the patient. There are few studies that have investigated the effectiveness neurofeedback. This method involves wearing an electrode-lined hat while performing cognitive tasks to pinpoint brain areas in which there is excessive or insufficient activity. The person then learns to control these patterns. Counseling Many people suffering from ADHD also have comorbid mood or anxiety disorders that require treatment. Counseling can help with these issues, which may be contributing to the ADHD symptoms. Certain psychotherapy methods include interpersonal therapy to improve the ability of a person to form meaningful relationships and to resolve conflicts. Cognitive behavioral therapy aims to change negative behavior and assist in reducing self-destructive and impulsive behaviors that can cause problems at work or school. In certain cases psychotherapy may be utilized in conjunction with medications for adults with adhd treatment. People who have comorbid conditions such as bipolar disorder, and substance abuse should be evaluated with care to ensure that they do not have symptoms that are not ameliorated by the medications that are prescribed to treat ADHD. Patients with certain medical conditions such as thyroid disorders, lead poisoning, and an history of seizures must be treated more aggressively as they are at higher risk of complications from medications. Outpatient intensive programs may be recommended if the person's ADHD is so severe that it interferes with their daily functioning and quality of life. These programs provide more thorough and controlled treatment than standard outpatient therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of cognitive therapy, assists people with ADHD to improve their ability to manage time planning, impulse control and executive functioning. It helps them understand and express feelings and uses worksheets and activities to make the learning interesting. Meditation training that is mindful enhances CBT and enhances the ability of people to concentrate and control their emotions. It also improves a person's ability to handle stress and arousal. It can help them cope with sadness, anger, and other emotional issues that may be contributing towards their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults with ADHD frequently have difficulty functioning at home and at work. In addition to affecting their work performance, these issues can interfere with relationships and can lead to financial difficulties. Therapy that addresses these issues can help improve your self-esteem, resolve underlying problems and develop healthy coping strategies. Cognitive-behavioral treatment is an effective treatment for adults suffering from ADHD, as it teaches them how to change their negative beliefs and behavior. Particularly, doctors who treat adhd in adults focuses on teaching you to utilize time management strategies and overcome mental distortions that lead to negative moods and the perception of a limited range of choices. Many people suffering from ADHD have depression or anxiety disorders that are comorbid. These psychiatric conditions can cause or decrease the effectiveness of certain treatments for ADHD. Therefore, it is recommended that you treat the most severe comorbid disorder first and then monitor the effect of medication before proceeding to treatment of the other disorder. Occupational therapy can teach you methods to organize your life and your work, create regular routines, manage your time and money, and create an optimistic self-image. untreated adhd in adults uk can also help you learn relaxation techniques that can decrease your impulsivity and hyperactivity. Additionally yoga and other exercises can help you improve your focus by stabilizing your body in different postures. Counseling for families and marriage can help address the issues that adults with ADHD often cause their children, spouses, and their families. They often complain of being unreliable and disorganized. They are also prone to forget things or make impulsive choices. You can strengthen your relationships by educating your spouses and family members about ADHD. Moreover, it can help you and your loved ones understand that these issues are linked to the patient's ADHD rather than to an absence of care or refusing to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a neurobiological disorder which is very prevalent. It is accompanied by high rates of comorbidity, including depression, anxiety and addiction disorders. Psychosocial and medication treatments are available as treatments. There are a variety of treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. Some of these medications have been tested in studies. These studies have revealed the advantages and drawbacks of the medication. Adults who suffer from ADHD suffer from the same issues as children, but it isn't always easy to diagnose them because the symptoms of childhood may not persist throughout adulthood. Adults who suffer from ADHD may not have a family history of the disorder, or may not be aware of symptoms. A thorough medical history is important to determine if the symptoms are due to an illness such as a thyroid problem, sleep apnea, issues with vision and hearing or lead poisoning. Adults with ADHD are treated with stimulants or non-stimulants. The stimulants have the highest response rates for adults with ADHD. Their response rates vary from 70 to 80%. Amphetamine and methylphenidate are among the most frequently prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate can also be administered via a transdermal system. This allows for continuous medication delivery throughout the daytime. Nonstimulant medications for adults with ADHD are mostly tricyclic antidepressants which work on norepinephrine and dopamine. Desipramine, the most studied tricyclic, has been proven to work in adult ADHD patients. It is a low-dose medication that is recommended to be increased every seven days by 50mg until the desired effect is observed. Bupropion XL is a second antidepressant which has been proven to be effective for adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist that blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine in the presynaptic cellular transporter and increasing its presence in the brain. The drug is known to improve the mood of adults and reduce hyperactivity, however it's not as effective at improving concentration or cognitive functions as stimulants.